Molecular data
| Molecular formula | C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂ |
|---|---|
| Molecular weight | 663.43 Da |
| CAS / identifier | 53-84-9 |
| Physical form | Lyophilized powder |
| Available sizes | 100mg, 500mg, 1000mg |
How it works
Mitochondrial Function
NAD+ is essential for mitochondrial electron transport chain function, directly participating in the conversion of nutrients to cellular energy (ATP). Declining NAD+ levels impair mitochondrial efficiency.
- Required for oxidative phosphorylation
- Electron carrier in metabolic reactions
- Co-substrate in 500+ enzymatic reactions
Sirtuin Activation
NAD+ is the obligate co-substrate for all 7 sirtuin enzymes (SIRT1-7), which regulate aging, inflammation, stress resistance, and metabolic homeostasis. Without NAD+, sirtuins cannot function.
- Activates all 7 sirtuin enzymes
- Regulates aging and stress response
- Modulates inflammatory pathways
PARP & Genomic Stability
PARP enzymes consume NAD+ to repair DNA damage. Falling NAD+ with age is associated with lower DNA repair capacity, cellular senescence and genomic instability.
- Fuels PARP-mediated DNA repair
- Maintains genomic stability
- Linked to age-related decline in DNA repair
What the research shows
Aging & Senescence
Extended lifespan has been recorded in several model organisms following NAD+ exposure, alongside sirtuin pathway activity and mitochondrial function measures.
Energy Metabolism
Declining NAD+ is associated with a pseudohypoxic state and disrupted nuclear-mitochondrial communication. In animal models, raised NAD+ levels have been recorded alongside changes in age-related metabolic markers.
DNA Repair
NAD+ fuels PARP enzymes responsible for single-strand DNA break repair. Depletion leads to accumulated DNA damage and accelerated cellular aging.
UPR Activation
The NAD+/sirtuin pathway engages the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), a stress-response mechanism studied in ageing research.
Specification
| Full Name | Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 663.43 Da |
| Molecular Formula | C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂ |
| Form | Lyophilized powder |
| Purity | ≥99% (HPLC verified) |
| Testing | Third-party HPLC, Mass Spec, Endotoxin |
| Storage | -20°C for long-term stability |
| Solubility | Water-soluble |
| COA | Included with every order |
Frequently asked questions
What is NAD+ and why is it important?
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is an essential coenzyme found in every living cell. It participates in over 500 enzymatic reactions and is critical for energy metabolism, DNA repair, and cellular signaling. NAD+ levels naturally decline with age, which researchers believe contributes to age-related metabolic dysfunction.
How does NAD+ relate to aging?
NAD+ levels decline approximately 50% by age 50, and that decline tracks with mitochondrial function, sirtuin enzyme activity and DNA repair capacity. In animal models, raised NAD+ levels have been recorded alongside changes in some age-related markers.
What are sirtuins and why do they need NAD+?
Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are a family of enzymes studied in ageing, metabolism, inflammation and stress resistance. They are completely dependent on NAD+ as a co-substrate — without sufficient NAD+, sirtuins cannot function.
What is the difference between NAD+, NMN, and NR?
NAD+ is the active coenzyme itself. NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) and NR (Nicotinamide Riboside) are precursors that cells convert into NAD+. Applying NAD+ directly bypasses the conversion steps, while NMN and NR rely on cellular enzymes to produce NAD+.
How should NAD+ be stored?
Lyophilized NAD+ should be stored at -20°C for long-term stability. NAD+ is sensitive to heat and light — always protect the material from direct light.
For laboratory research use only. Not a drug, supplement, or medical product; not for human or animal use. All findings referenced are from published preclinical/laboratory research.